Kierkegaards View on Faith Essay -- Philosophy Philosophical Essays

Kierkegaards View on Faith Kierkegaard was a Danish philosopher in the mid 1800s. He is cognize to be the father of existentialism and was at least 70 years ahead of his time. Kierkegaard set out to attack Kants rational ethics and oblige attacks on the Christianity of our day. He poses the question, how do we understand reliance? He states that trust equals the absurd. In Fear and Trembling, he uses the story of Abraham and his give-and-take Isaac to show an showcase of faith as the absurd. The story of God asking Abraham to sacrifice his son Isaac signifies a break in the theory that ethics and religion go glide by in hand. He shows how the ethical and the religious can be completely different. I by no means conclude that faith is something inferior scarce rather that it is the highest, also that it is dishonest of philosophy to give something else in its place and to disparage faith (Fear and Trembling, 12). To Kierkegaard, the whole biblical story is a paradox. Thinking astir(predicate) Abraham is another matter, however then I am shattered. I am constantly aware of the prodigious paradox that is the content of Abrahams life, I am constantly repelled, and, despite all its passion, my thought cannot penetrate it, cannot get ahead by a hairsbreadth (Fear and Trembling, 12). Faith to Kierkegaard is even paradoxical. Precisely because resignation is antecedent, faith is no esthetic emotion but something far higher it is not the spontaneous inclination of the heart but the paradox of existence (Fear and Trembling, 19). Under the ethical, Abraham was discharge to commit murder. Kierkegaard uses an example of a preacher going to him after the murder and screaming, You despicable man, you scum of society, what devil has so possessed you that you want to murder your son (Fear and Trembling, 10). He knows that murder cannot be ethically disclosed and wonders how that can be faith. Under the absurdity of faith, Abrahams crime of murder becomes a merited occ upation to his Creator. The ethical expression for what Abraham did is that he meant to murder Isaac the religious expression is that he meant to sacrifice Isaac (Fear and Trembling, 11). Abraham had to suspend his duty to the universal, or the ethical in order to dribble out his duty to God. The Christian must make an existential leap out of the universal to acquire faith. This ultimately means that faith is higher than the un... ...f unalloyed Reason, 616). Kant places religion within the rational realm. He starts with the rational individual which is living in an absolute clean-living society. The moral law is based upon religion. ...and I maintain, consequently, that unless moral laws are laid at the basis or used as a guide, there can be no theology of reason at all (Critique of Pure Reason, 613). To Kant, a societys commitment to absolute morality, moral law, and the church was the rational worlds meaning for religion.Kierkegaard argued against Kant that rationalism was w anting where religion was concerned. Kierkegaard fought that religion had nothing to do with rationalism, but everything to do with an individual relationship with God. The individual is free to maintain an intimate relationship with God which comes with faith as the absurd. Unlike Kant, Kierkegaard sees moral rationalism in society, but religion has nothing to do with it. It is a completely different subject that cannot be combine with moral reason. He states that religion belongs only to the person seeking religion and overpowers all things rational. Kierkegaard places religious philosophy beyond the context of rationalism completely.

Star Trek :: Television TV Show Star Trek Essays

Star TrekWhile Cold war tensions were growing in Europe and civil rights were causing upheaval in the United States, a new show was first airing on American televisions. The series took place in space, onboard a starship. Its creator, a World War II veteran and ex-policeman named Gene Roddenberry, had imagined a show that would go on capture the imagination of the world. Often describing his show as a wagon train to the stars, Roddenberry named his new creation Star Trek. From its humble beginnings in 1966, Star Trek continues to push the limits of visual technology as it creates stunningly impressive and often beautifully breathtaking artistic imagery. Star Trek is enjoyed by many people for many reasons. Without a doubt, the sheer visual masterpieces created by the show offer a large incentive for watching. Taking place in the future, the show must always portray futuristic devices and techniques that push the limit of visual and computer technology. possibly the most notable of such devices is the transporter. Lawrence M. Krause, author of The Physics of Star Trek, writes that it was really the transporter that seduced me (xv). Krause is not alone in his judgment. In 2003, Howard A. Anderson Jr. was awarded the prestigious American Society of Cinematographers Presidents Award in part for his contributions to the development of the transporter effect (Creator), a fact which illustrates the impact the transporter has had on the world. But the transporter effect has indeed evolved greatly over the years from its humble genesis under Roddenberry and Anderson. Beginning as aluminum flitters shot through with(predicate) a 5000-watt light and a column of smoke (Report), it was this simple visual effect that spawned the interest of thousands. The transport effect has recently become digitally rendered, using computer technology to achieve stunning results. People have even been inspired to create tutorials for generating the transporter effect using the popular transmitter graphics program, Macromedia Flash (Rossi). Considering the impact that Rodenberrys dream technology has had, it becomes clear that transporter effects have become synonymous with impressive visual art. other visual techniques continued to improve in subsequent series. Fire-like and other organic-looking elements were created using the newly available medium of liquid nitrogen. The impressive temporal anomaly from The beside Generation episode All Good Things (1994) was created by utilizing liquid nitrogen (Stipes 89-92). In the days when motion control was the norm and computers were still not practicable for television effects, Star Treks visual effects team reached out for the next generation of science-fiction imagery.

Legislation is NOT the Best Way to Ban Smoking :: Argumentative Persuasive Example Essays

Legislation is NOT the Best government agency to Ban SmokingA market represents the common soldier forces of take on and confer.Consumers aim to consume goods and run with lower prices andgreater quantities while producers want to maximize their profits. Amarket diagram uses lease and cede turn offs to show the descentbetween market demand and supply. These demand and supply curves argonlabeled as private demand and private supply, that is, the privatebenefits and the private costs. but those private activities always take others, both positively and negatively. Those positive andnegative do ar not represented in the market model they areexternal to the market, known as externalities1.There are two kinds of externalities positive externalities andnegative externalities. In the extract, cigarettes are negativeexternality, which means they have pernicious effects on others and thoseeffects are not paid by the producers. For example, when people smoke,especially in public places, e.g. restaurants and department stores,they pollute the air rounded and exist others health. No one paysfor the bad feelings caused by smokers and cigarettes. In this way,market failure exists. If the external costs could be measured andvalued a new supply curve could be inundate to present this. In this figure, the social costs have been added to the private coststo produce a new supply curve. The private supply curve shifts toleft. When the supply curve shifts from Smpc to Smsc, the marketprices increase from pp to ps and the quantity traded is reduced fromqp to qs.Cigarettes are demerit goods which cause negative externalities.Because of their characters, producers get capacious profits from them. Sothey are overprovided in the market, just like alcohol. Theconsumption of cigarettes always has negative effects on other people.It causes cancer, and may cut use up human life-span.In ordinance to internalize the negative externalities, governmentshould interfere in the market. There are several ways to do that. One order government may prosecute is negative advertising to reduce privatedemand for demerit goods.People will consider the bad effects caused by demerit goods beforebuying or reduce the consumption on such goods that means privatedemand curve will shift to right.On the other hand, the supply curve shifts to left because of thecosts of bad effects added to the factor costs of the products. Thetransaction of that goods slumps. After government applyingnegative advertising to public, the centre transaction will decreaseagain because demand decreases. According to the diagram above, thequantity transferred in the market drops from qp to qs first, andthen, to qt. This method is very common nowadays, especially forLegislation is NOT the Best Way to Ban Smoking Argumentative Persuasive Example EssaysLegislation is NOT the Best Way to Ban SmokingA market represents the private forces of demand and supply.Consumers aim to consume goods and services with lower prices andgreater quantities while producers want to maximize their profits. Amarket diagram uses demand and supply curves to show the relationshipbetween market demand and supply. These demand and supply curves arelabeled as private demand and private supply, that is, the privatebenefits and the private costs. But those private activities alwaysaffect others, both positively and negatively. Those positive andnegative effects are not represented in the market model they areexternal to the market, known as externalities1.There are two kinds of externalities positive externalities andnegative externalities. In the extract, cigarettes are negativeexternality, which means they have bad effects on others and thoseeffects are not paid by the producers. For example, when people smoke,especially in public places, e.g. restaurants and department stores,they pollute the air rounded and threaten others health. No one paysfor the bad feelings caused by smokers and cigarettes . In this way,market failure exists. If the external costs could be measured andvalued a new supply curve could be drown to present this. In this figure, the social costs have been added to the private coststo produce a new supply curve. The private supply curve shifts toleft. When the supply curve shifts from Smpc to Smsc, the marketprices increase from pp to ps and the quantity traded is reduced fromqp to qs.Cigarettes are demerit goods which cause negative externalities.Because of their characters, producers get huge profits from them. Sothey are overprovided in the market, just like alcohol. Theconsumption of cigarettes always has negative effects on other people.It causes cancer, and may cut down human life-span.In order to internalize the negative externalities, governmentshould interfere in the market. There are several ways to do that. Onemethod government may employ is negative advertising to reduce privatedemand for demerit goods.People will consider the bad effects caused by demerit goods beforepurchasing or reduce the consumption on such goods that means privatedemand curve will shift to right.On the other hand, the supply curve shifts to left because of thecosts of bad effects added to the factor costs of the products. Thetransaction of that goods decreases. After government applyingnegative advertising to public, the total transaction will decreaseagain because demand decreases. According to the diagram above, thequantity transferred in the market drops from qp to qs first, andthen, to qt. This method is very common nowadays, especially for

Essay examples --

10. ConclusionGenerally, a strong conclusion to a business throw will be a great support to amaze your business while unmotivated conclusion can leave bad impressions to the suppliers and customers. Therefore, my company, Sweet tike Bready Enterprise is confident that I could compete wisely with otherwise food manufacturers around that area. I will provide a fast, efficient yet well-to-do service to the customers. I hope to be one of the leaders company in Malaysia food industry. I ensure the customers to get what they want by providing them with on time delivery to their houses. In addition, I really say care of the hygienic aspect of the factory. I provide masks and gloves to the workers during working hour. I also determine a few fire extinguishers in case in that location is fire in the factory. Next, I deal also installed three CCTVs in the factory to reduce any robbery. Finally, I hope that the customers will put vitamin C% trust to my product and I promise that th ey will get the best quality of breads than the others. I also hope they will support me by get the breads as they are healthy yet delicious and nutritious. 11. AppendicesResearch FindingResearch acquire confirms profit potential of bread ingredient innovationsJuly 18, 2013Clabber female child Corp., Terre Haute, Ind., which produces chemical leavening systems for the food industry, has released the results of an independent research study by the Kansas State University division of Grain Science. The study confirms that with the use of Clabber Girls Encapsulated Fumaric Acid, the amount of calcium propionate in yeast bread recipes can be cut in half and yeast reduced by 10%, findings that have significant cost implications for the price-sensitive baking industry.The KSU stu... ...riseJalan 6/91, Taman Shamelin Perkasa,56100, Cheras, KLDear Ms Nurzatulshira,QUOTATION NUMBER E542 convey you for your enquiry of 15 July. I am pleased to quotation as followsPlain BreadsRM 1.30 eac hSausagesRM 1.80 eachThis is current catalogue price, and we would allow you to trade a discount of 15%. Price include packing and delivery to your premises.It is our usual practice to ask all new customers to trade references. Please let us have the names and addresses of two suppliers with whom you have had regular dealings. theme to satisfactory replies, we shall be glad to supply the goods and to allow you the two months credit requested.As on that point may be other items in which you are interested, I enclose copies of our current catalogue and price list.I look forward to working with you.Yours sincerely,Siti Sarah Binti Harun sales Manage Essay examples -- 10. ConclusionGenerally, a strong conclusion to a business plan will be a great support to grow your business while unmotivated conclusion can leave bad impressions to the suppliers and customers. Therefore, my company, Sweet Child Bready Enterprise is confident that I could compete wisely with other food manufacturers around that area. I will provide a fast, efficient yet convenient service to the customers. I hope to be one of the leading company in Malaysia food industry. I ensure the customers to get what they want by providing them with on time delivery to their houses. In addition, I really take care of the hygienic aspect of the factory. I provide masks and gloves to the workers during working hour. I also place a few fire extinguishers in case there is fire in the factory. Next, I have also installed three CCTVs in the factory to avoid any robbery. Finally, I hope that the customers will put 100% trust to my product and I promise that they will get the best quality of breads than the others. I also hope they will support me by buying the breads as they are healthy yet delicious and nutritious. 11. AppendicesResearch FindingResearch study confirms profit potential of bread ingredient innovationsJuly 18, 2013Clabber Girl Corp., Terre Haute, Ind., which produces chemical leaven ing systems for the food industry, has released the results of an independent research study by the Kansas State University Department of Grain Science. The study confirms that with the use of Clabber Girls Encapsulated Fumaric Acid, the amount of calcium propionate in yeast bread recipes can be cut in half and yeast reduced by 10%, findings that have significant cost implications for the price-sensitive baking industry.The KSU stu... ...riseJalan 6/91, Taman Shamelin Perkasa,56100, Cheras, KLDear Ms Nurzatulshira,QUOTATION NUMBER E542Thank you for your enquiry of 15 July. I am pleased to quote as followsPlain BreadsRM 1.30 eachSausagesRM 1.80 eachThis is current catalogue price, and we would allow you to trade a discount of 15%. Price include packing and delivery to your premises.It is our usual practice to ask all new customers to trade references. Please let us have the names and addresses of two suppliers with whom you have had regular dealings. Subject to satisfactory replies, we shall be glad to supply the goods and to allow you the two months credit requested.As there may be other items in which you are interested, I enclose copies of our current catalogue and price list.I look forward to working with you.Yours sincerely,Siti Sarah Binti HarunSales Manage

Posthumous Rating of Hawthorne and “Young Goodman Brown” :: Young Goodman Brown YGB

Posthumous Rating of Hawthorne and unseasoned Goodman Brown This turn up intends to trace the main literary criticism of the author, Nathaniel Hawthorne, and Young Goodman Brownsince the authors death in 1864. Nathaniel Hawthornes acclamation as a great writer by both critics and the general state-supported was not an overnight occurrence. The Norton Anthology American Literature states that he was agonizingly slow in winning acclaim (547). Initially, of course, Nathaniel Hawthornes literary works went unranked among those of new(prenominal) American and British writers. But his reputation grew gradually purge among contemporary critics, until he was recognized as a man of genius. The question in this essay is this How does he and Young Goodman Brown fare since 1864 when Hawthorne died. The poet, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, wrote a poem commemorating Hawthorne for the funeral in 1864 . . . . There in seclusion and remote from men The mavin hand lies cold, Which at its topmost speed let fall the pen, And left the tale half told. Ah who shall lift that wand of magic power, And the lost clew reanimate? The unfinished windows in Aladdins tower Unfinished must remain In 1871 James T. Fields published Yesterdays With Authors, in which Chapter 3 deals with his evaluation of Nathaniel Hawthorne I AM sitting to-day opposite the likeness of the rarest genius America has given to literature,--a man who lately sojourned in this busy world of ours, but during many years of his career Wandered lonely as a cloud,-- a man who had, so to speak, a physical affinity with solitude. The writings of this author have never soiled the man mind with one unlovely image. His men and women have a magic of their own, and we shall wait a long time before another arises among us to make full his place. Indeed, it seems probable no one will ever walk precisely the same round of fiction which he traversed with so free and firm a step. What lovely thoughts What a tribute to Hawthornes genius The very next year Henry James wrote a review of Hawthorne for the Nation Our remarks are not provoked by any visible detriment conferred on Mr. Hawthornes fame by these recent publications. . .His journals throw but little light on his personal feelings, and even less on his genius per se.

My Trip On The Ganges River :: essays research papers

My Trip on the gang up River     About 2 weeks ago I went on an exciting trip along the Ganges River. Inthis letter Ill tell you all about it. It turns out that the Ganges has itsbeginning in an ice cave 10,300 feet above sea level in the snow-coveredHimalayan Mountains of northern India. From there, the river flows towards thesoutheast and goes through East Pakistan, for about 1,557 miles. Ganges Riverthen empties into the Bay of Bengal. Several tributary rivers, including theJumna, Rmganga, Gumti, Gogra, Son, and Kusi also add to the waters of the Ganges.     As I was going past the Bay of Bengal I noticed some people with severesicknesses and crippled bathing in the Ganges River. My guide told me that toIndians, Ganges River is sacred and people believe that the touch of its waterwill cure some diseases. I was shocked to find out that people even go to thatriver to die in hope that they will go to paradise. I should point out that therive r is only sacred to Hindis. It was interesting to find out that each year,thousands of Hindu pilgrims visit such holy cities as Benares and Allahabadalong the banks of the Ganges. They go there just to bathe in the river and totake home some of its water.     The Ganges River is so important to the Indians that they call it "GangaMata" or Mother Ganges. It is also the greatest waterway in India and one of thelargest in the world. Temples line the riverbank, and stairways, called ghats,lead down to the water. I am enclosing one of the pictures I took of the GangesRiver.     The river is an important trade place. Its valley is fertile and denselypopulated. Some of Indias largest cities like Calcutta, Howrah, Patna, Benares,Allahabad, and Cawnpore are located on the river. Indias capital, juvenile Delhi, ison one of its tributaries, the Jumna. The Ganges River however, isnt as

Green School Initiatives Essay

Introduction Kate The idea of super acid go-aheads in instills at any age level is a positive step towards inst every last(predicate)ing sustainability in the minds of future generations. To reduce the amount of vitality needed, recycle rain water, lessen landfill space and cut the set of oil used by Ameri moves daily can insure that our natural resource will be intact for many old age to come. However, obstacles to discolour initiatorys atomic number 18 costs, program management and proper data collection. Is it possible to initiate Green Methods in educates and really save cash as a result? It is possible. permit us examine which eco-friendly ideas work for institutions and which do not. Relevant Facts Mandy, Miranda, Kate, Tomika & Alicia Why should shoals go jet? When a school goes chiliad, that school is making the choice and the commitment to pay off their school more environmentally friendly. This includes doing things to reduce carbon footprint, or the amou nt of carbon dioxide emissions produced (Whelan, 2007). More and more, taking c atomic number 18 of the environment is becoming an issue among people. They all want to know what they can do to defend their environment safer and cleaner.Schools ar becoming no exception to this endeavor. It does not take much for a school to make a difference. It can be something as simple as recycling plastic water bottles or something more complex such as installing energy- efficacious solar panels in the roofing. Todays schools stool give out more environmentally awargon and many would like to incorporate grand larn and living into their school agreements. The definition of a car park school is a school building or facility that creates a healthy environment that is conducive to go overing temporary hookup saving energy, resources, and money (www. greenschool-buildings.org). A school can be green in many ways primarily this paper focuses on how a school can best go green. Much of what i s discussed is school construction and renovation however we also highlight some instituteer(a) beas in which schools can initiate green methods. The nations schools are currently built to code and meet government health and safety standards is this enough or is there a better way? A study was performed of 30 green schools built 2001 2006 in 10 states. Some highlights from that study include ? Green school construction costs less than two percent more compared to conventionalschools, at about $3 per square foot. ?Direct and in-direct financial savings to the school and community were about $70 per square foot 20 times as high as the cost of qualifying green. ?Green schools, on average, use 33% less energy than convention schools. ?Reduction of average water use by 32%. Be coif of the process of water storage the school created with their green design, the city of Dedham, MA valued the improvement at $400,000. ?Highly reflective green roofs manner expectancy to last 30 50 year s or longer. ?An average reduction of 38. 5% in asthma, over five separate buildings, collectable to improved air quality.?Today asthma rates are rising 20-50% every ten years throughout the world (Holguin 2004) There are some opposite reasons that schools choose to get on the good berth of the environment by going green. An important reason behind this decision is in an effort to yield a healthy, productive, comfortable environment for students and staff (Lafee, 2010). This is because going green calls for cleaner air If a school is more environmentally sound, it is more likely that there will very be a diminish in students be absent because of the cleaner air.Building green is especially beneficial to those students that deplete breathing problems. Many schools, as they are going green, are beginning to install solar panels in an effort to conserve energy and create clean energy. What are the avails of apply solar panels? They range from economic, health, environmental, and financial benefits (What ar the Benefits of Solar Power? , 2010). By using solar panels in schools, the schools are saving money on their electric bills. Solar panels are accepting schools to cut humble on air pollution. Rather than cleaning them every month, solar panels only prolong to be cleaned once a year.Solar energy panels also allow for the demise of deadly fumes from fuels such as kerosene and gasoline. This makes for cleaner air indoors, which leads to a decrease in respiratory issues. The use of solar energy panels does not put out carbon monoxide, so they improve the quality of air. Finally, using solar panels in schools will allow children to understand the significance of green architecture and renewable sources of energy (Solar Energy Finally, 2010). Wind power is used through the use of wind turbines that are installed inside the school grounds. By installing wind turbines on school land we bring other benefits to the school.As with solar panels, wind power a lso decreases a schools electric bills. Using wind turbines lend oneself schools certain tax breaks. Having a wind turbine also adds an experiential dimension to the schools science, math, and civic classes (The Benefits of Wind Power, 2010). There is a program called the Wind for Schools Project whose purpose is to install small wind turbines at rural elementary and secondary schools while developing Wind act Centers at higher knowledge institutions (Wind for Schools Project, 2010). The program basically educates schools on the use, as well as the benefits of, wind power.One of the biggest ways that schools are going green is by having the students recycle their empty plastic milk and beverage containers after lunch. Schools put recycling bins in their cafeterias in an effort to encourage students to put their containers in them rather than a garbage can. What are the benefits? Doing this conserves resources, helps the environment, saves schools money on disposal costs, creates the volume needed to have a viable recycling program, and ascertaines children sociable responsibility (Why Recycle Plastic Milk and Beverage Bottles? , 2010).An extra benefit of recycling plastic beverage containers is that leaks and odors are decreased because the plastic containers have caps on them, and the students are encouraged to replace the caps on the empty containers. The types of containers that are recyclable are all plastic beverage bottles (i. e. milk, soda, water, juice) and aluminum cans ( cycle Plastic Milk Bottles At School, 2010). While it is true that recycling in schools is dependent upon the school district, most school districts are on board with this form of going green. They are spontaneous to make the accommodations that are needed for this endeavor.The concept of a school going green may be better understood by its students if they are a part. If they feel that they are part of something, it will make them want to try harder. Green schools offer other advantages that might not be immediately apparent. The school is actually a teaching tool. Think about it. High school students could actively learn about renewable energy from the schools solar panels. The middle school students could study ecosystems in their own wetland. The elementary students could grow organic vegetables and eat them for lunch. The student(s) would receive the full green make love.An additional way students are applying these concepts in the classroom are in art classes, instead of having students use recyclable materials, allowing them to use materials from nature. This can include making projects with leaves, sticks, sand, or any other outside objects. Not only is this fun for the students, but it is also environmentally-friendly. There are different ways to create a work of art using found objects (Kauffman, 2009). Students who use natural objects are more likely to be inspired. And using natural materials is very cost-effective for the schools. This type of art is especially reward to smaller children.This is because they get to play with stuff. Normally would not have the chance to. Some elementary schools have started implementing garbage art. Garbage art supplies include beans, rice, buttons, fabric, string, alter pasta, yogurt, dryer lint, pencil shavings, etc. (Pedersen, 2010). For younger students, this type of art is more likely to be more fun than any of the aforementioned options. The opportunity that green building in schools provide to the students, teachers, and the community is substantial. Along with the health benefits, there are cost savings to the school and to the city the school is located in. act growth within the green initiatives and design benefit the country and the world environment overall. (www. greenschoolbuildings. org) When students are involved their moral is up, if student morale is up, the desire for students to learn also increases. A school that is more environmentally conscious benefits becau se their students will not only be learning how to help the environment, they will be implementing that friendship as well. Schools that go green will positively impact student health in other areas than just cleaner air.Cleaner air results in higher test scores and teacher retention. Green buildings are designed with proper acoustics so the teachers can be heard and have more promise of the classroom environment. Students are exposed to more natural daylight helping them perform at their individual best and avoid seasonal depression due to lack of sunlight. Another more energy-efficient practice is softer lighting in the classrooms. If a school has inadequate lighting, whether it is too bright or too dim, it can actually cause students to have headaches due to possible straining to read.If a school decides to go green in the way of softer lighting, it will be easier for students to see and cause less straining for them. On top of all these benefits to the children and staff there are operational cost savings with utilizing daylight, reducing energy and recycling water. going away green means that building repairs, upgrades, and system replacements will assist in lowering utility costs from renewal efforts. (www. greenschoolbuildings. org) Green schools generally do not cost more than a conventional school to operate. The costs are much less to operate a green school due to the efficient use of water and energy.A green school can typically save $100,000 in, in-direct costs in a given year. An estimated $20 billion could be saved over the next 10 years if all schools performed green renovations and all new schools were built green. (www. greenschoolbuildings. org) Other areas where schools can and are going green are as follows Recycling Programs working with recycling brokers to recycle glass, plastic and paper Using old material such as cardboard boxes as art supplies dismission IT Green recycling computers, putting computers on standby when not in use a nd scanning copies instead of producing paper ones.Many schools are switching to low voltage IT servers. At the University of Buffalos Center for Computational Research they are switching to energy-thrifty supercomputer servers and saving $150,000 annually. (Carter 2009) Taking advantage of helper from organizations like the Go Green enterprise. org that helps train school staff in green teaching methods so they can teach their students. They also assists in obtaining grants for schools give quarterly progress reports to schools and give tools to track and quantify your green savings.Clearly one of the biggest benefits of going green within the school systems is That it teaches our children how to live better and make the world a better place in which to reside. These are life lessons that people carry along with them into adulthood. So, in addition to saving the planet, saving money, and having fitter children this concept will be carried on into the future. Incorporating going g reen into the lives of our children would install very much needed values and morals that they can live by as adults.Problem Components/Root Problem Mandy & Kate Some green initiatives like recycling water or material require very little enthronisation however construction can be another matter. Building a new school or renovating an existing school to go green, one must look at the big picture not only individual costs. In lean times like these many communities do not have extra lines to invest, so a common barrier to green projects is initial cost. There have been many green projects through the years that have not worked out due to prohibitive upfront costs.There are groups that believe that the government should aid in jumpstarting these projects to make the initial investment more affordable. (Green economy, 2010) However in recent years these costs are going down as green building becomes more commonplace and supplies become more plentiful. In humans the cost of going gr een is not much higher than it is to stay conventional. Going green may take some project management and innovative thinking, but is not off work out. Perhaps the biggest complication regarding cost comes in when schools are converting an existing structure.Green schools cost a little more to build generally 1% to 2% extra than conventional schools (King, 2010). Another drawback for new green school construction lies in what can occur during the whole going green process, especially if the green school is being built from the ground up. Permits, zoning requirements, and other bureaucratic obstacles imposed by planning commissions, school boards or other government agencies (Kennedy, 2010). Whether it is a new school going up or a current school being re-modified, money plays a huge part in just how green a school can go.For example, a school may have the sustenance for more energy-efficient lighting, but not have the money for better and more efficient air ducts. Not having enou gh funding can put the impede to pr levelting a school from becoming more environmentally sound in a heartbeat. Another hindrance to a school going green is that ofttimes not everyone involved is on board with the idea. The problem with Americas public education system is its failed to empower our communities, parents and teachers with the tools and authority they need to provide the quality educational experience our children need, expect and deserve (King, 2010).This is basically saying that if the parents and teachers are not given what they need to provide a good, sound education for their children, in and out of school, then no amount of environmentally-correct changes to the school are going to be effective. In many areas of the country, the design requirements are not an additional burden in the price of the bids. There are many financial benefits to new green construction or renovating. Some benefits that accrue over the life of the building are reduced energy and operating costs, improved well-being and more cost effective insurance prices.(www. eda. gov) The US Green Building Councils Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design LEED, sets standards for green initiatives. LEED rates projects based on the materials used and how they are sourced, the design, construction, and efficiency of systems to include water, energy, air quality, lighting, acoustics, muff and transportation. (www. ecoliteracy. org) Generating and Evaluation of Alternatives Miranda & Kate Like any large project this puts schools in the position of determining what best suits their specific needs.By setting up specific performance plans based on needs and monetary ability we can simplify a schools decision. We can also allow them to make more gradual steps. In a perfect world with abundant funding all schools would be issue to immediately make the necessary changes unfortunately that is not a reality for most. Schools could choose to make their decision in the following ways Low investment green initiatives taken independently- Analyze possible areas of immediate change on their own. Make changes in their everyday routine such as recycling or reusing bottles, paper, glass and plastics.Building a rain water catch system for water reuse. They can estimate the cost savings to the school and savings to the environment. This will expose the children to the concept of recycling and reuse while helping to teach them. Medium initial investment green initiatives taken independently schools can independently address the low initiatives outlined in option one while also investing in larger improvements. These improvements could include low voltage servers, schedules for electrical output and using computers that go to low power usage when on standby mode.This requires more of an initial investment by the school but allows the school to see greater return in their investment in the form of cost savings. High initial investment green initiatives taken on indepe ndently schools can independently address both medium initial investment items and renovations to existing structures (like solar panels) or the building of new structures. Ultimately this would bring the greatest cost savings to schools and would have the greatest impact to the students environment and green experience.High initial investment green initiatives taken on with assistance schools can work with organizations like the Go Green Initiative from start to finish. Instead of reinventing the wheel and learning through experience schools can use the opportunity of organizations that are established just to help them. These types of initiatives provide colloquy with other schools about their green projects, educate schools staff to teach green methods, provide information on green building, provide data tracking and even educate the community.Schools can make changes at any level they desire and on their own time schedule. Chosen Alternative Tomika & Kate We believe that sc hools and the environment would benefit most from a High initial investment green initiatives taken on with assistance option. Schools can get assistance from many of these organizations for absolutely free and initiatives dont have to start as high investment. You can make small changes like recycling and using the cost savings to fund student activities. You can reduce your energy waste by conserving water and turning off computers when not in use.Representatives from organizations like the Go Green Initiative can help you communicate the why to your community. They can help explain why green changes with be profitable to the school in the long term. erst the community has seen the short term savings they will be more open to more long term green projects. You need community jump out and open communication to successfully incorporate change into any public structure. Having an outside source will also give you vast data from other school districts that have gone through the sam e changes you are tackling.These organizations can assist you with stripements for your green savings, but more importantly they can also measure your savings to the environment this is a huge tool that motivates entire communities and makes your school more marketable to new families. Implementation Plan Tomika & Kate 1. Determine what your schools objectives are, what do you privation to achieve? 2. Speak with the school board and the community about their ideas, concerns and involvement with any potential project. 3. Contact several organizations like Go Green Initiative and get information on each of them to present to your board. 4.Discuss the different organizations with your board and the community and pick one to work with. 5. Convey to the organization assisting you what your goals and objects are, your budget concerns and specifications. Ask for ideas to implement immediately that will show short term return on investment and improve the school environment. 6. Have a tr aining session and meeting to review all aspects with the school board, superintendent and any interested party. Establish six month goals that are specific, measurable, attainable and timely. Determine who is trusty for data collection and programs implemented.7. Obtain data and review progress in six months. Proceed from there. Alternative Choice Tomika The alternative choice would be to have schools manage the projects themselves, beginning with small. They could conduct their own research and check with other local schools to see what green plans have been successful for them. Most of the steps would keep the same as the chosen alternative but there would be more legwork to be done by the schools themselves. From finding green materials and contractors to studying alternatives it would only if be more difficult to get information.It would however be possible. There may be some people in the immediate community with experience that could assist the school with their green ini tiatives. Either way schools have to start somewhere and any changes are better than none at all when it comes to the environment. Conclusion-Alicia Going green is very crucial and relevant to the future of the children as well as the planet. Starting the green system within schools is the best thing to do in order to educate the children on the importance of saving the planet, keeping everyone healthy, preserving energy, and saving money.This allows the practice of going green while learning and living it at the same time. Todays funding in schools is mostly low. Therefore having the option to transition from small changes and then building up to larger more substantial changes is vastly important. Even more important is communication within a community to reach a greater common goal and want assistance from an outside source can be a huge benefit when trying to better your community. References Benefits of Wind Power. (2010). Retrieved November 20, 2010, from http//www. northernp ower.com/wind-power-basics/benefits-of-wind-power. php. Green school buildings. (n. d. ). Retrieved November 18, 2010, from U. S. green building council website http//www. greenschoolbuildings. org/gs101. aspx Green school design cost-effective, healthy, and better, for eduction. (n. d. ). Retrieved November 18, 2010, from Center for Eco literacy website http//www. ecoliteracy. org/essays/green- school-design-cost-effective-healthy-and-better-education. Green economy. (2010). Economy Watch, Retrieved from http//www. economywatch. com/market/market-types/green-economy.html Kauffman, Rachel. (2009, July 13). Lesson Plans Using Objects Found In Nature. Retrieved November 21, 2010, from http//www. lessonplanet. com/directory_articles/art_lesson_plans/13_July_2009/48/lesson_plans_using_objects_found_in_nature. Kennedy, Mike. (2010, February 10). Overcoming Obstacles to Going Green. Retrieved November 19, 2010, from http//asumag. com/green/overcoming-sustainability-obstacles-201002/. King , Ledyard. (2008, July 31). Costs, Concerns touch on Schools To Use Eco-Friendly Elements. Retrieved November 20, 2010, from http//www. usatoday.com/news/education/2008-07-31-green-schools_N. htm. Lafee, Scott. (2008). Going Green Environmentally Friendly Schools Pay Off. Retrieved November 23, 2010, from http//www. csba. org/NewsAndMedia/Publications/CASchoolsMagazine/2008/Spring/InThisIssue/GreenSchools. aspx? p=1. Pedersen, Lisa. (2010, February 22). Found Art Materials. Retrieved November 28, 2010, from http//www. familynavigation. com/found-art-materials. Raderstrong, Jeff. (July 21, 2008). The Seattle Times. Retrieved December 5, 2010 from http//seattletimes. nwsource. com/htm/localnews/2008063326_solarpanels21m0.html Recycling Plastic Milk Bottles Benefits and Getting Started. (2010). Retrieved November 30, 2010, from http//www. nutritionexplorations. org/sfs/schoolmilk_recycling_survey. asp. Recycling Plastic Milk Bottles At School Frequently Asked Questions. (2008). Retrie ved November 22, 2010, from http//www. NutritionExplorations. org. Solar Energy Finally In The School Yards. (2010, October 25). Retrieved November 30, 2010, from http//www. renewablepowernews. com/ account/1914. Solar Panel Cost. Retrieved December 5, 2010 from http//www. solarpanelsedge.com/ar/solar-panels-cost. php The New Era in Solar Energy. Retrieved December 5, 2010 from http//greenfieldsolar. com/industry. php What Are The Benefits of Solar Power? (2010, February 9). Retrieved November 21, 2010, from http//www. alternativeenergyhq. com/what-are-the-benefits-of-solar-power. php. Whelan, Debra Lau. (2007, September 1). Going Green Eco-Friendly Schools. Retrieved November 20, 2010 from http//www. schoollibraryjournal. com/article/CA647263. html. Go green initiative. (n. d. ) Retrieved November 17, 2010 from http//www. gogreeninitiative. org.

Which Of The Following Was The Most Important Reason For The Success Of Hitler’s Foreign Policy?

Britain and France were sympathetic to Germany because of the harshness of The Treaty of Versailles for example the Rhineland was to be demilitarised and land such as Posen and western hemisphere Prussia were taken from Germany. For these reasons they thought that this could be relaxed as shown by the naval agreement of 1935 and their ignoring the German armys March into the Rhineland. It seemed reasonable that German speaking people should be coupled and Germany regain the land that they preoccupied.Therefore the Treaty of Versailles was an important reason because it was the root cause of everything that happened. It led to the German people motorting angry and voting for the radical partys and Hitler coming to power. If the Treaty hadnt been make then Britain and France would not have had anything to appease Germany over because there wouldnt have been a need for them to regain the land they lost as it would have still been theirs.The League of Nations had failed by 1938 when H itler went into Austria. The reaction of the more powerful countries to events in Ethiopia and Manchuria had shown that countries such as Britain and France acted in their own self-interest when traffic with invasions by powerful countries when they attacked little countries. Thus the idea of collective security was seen as unworkable as countries were willing to use their own armies to protect smaller countries. Britain and France did not want to be involved in war.This meant that the failure of the League of Nations was and important reason for the success of Hitlers overseas policy because Hitler knew hat he could get absent with anything without the league on his back. He already knew that the league had let Japan get away(predicate) with invading Manchuria so Hitler believed that he could get away with what ever he wanted to do so he played with this and invaded countries and broke the Treaty of Versailles. The failure of the league meant that Hitler could invade all of hi s countries and begin a war.Hitler knew that Britain and France feared Communist Russia more than they feared Nazi Germany. This is shown by the friendly relationships between Britain and France and Germany during the first half of the 1930s e.g. 1936 Olympics held in Britain. Therefore Britain and France were happy to see a bullnecked Germany as a buffer against the USSR. This was an important reason for the success of Hitlers foreign policy because France and Britain were scared of Russia as they were communists and they didnt want them to invade them because Russia was too big and strong to defeat. Germany was strong and not communists and was in-between France, Britain and Russia and France and Britain didnt want to upset Germany.Appeasement showed Hitler that Britain and France were willing to allow him to do anything that he wanted to do. Hitler tried something out to see what would happen so he occupied the Rhineland and rearmed it. He sent troops into the Rhineland but Brit ain and France didnt do anything because they thought this was Germanys anyway so why not let them have it back.When Britain and France let him off of that, he thought why not try something else so he the invaded Austria. Then once again Britain and France appeased Germany.When Hitler saw that he was getting away with anything that he wanted to he took it another step forward until it led to war.For this reason appeasement was a the most important reason for the success of Hitlers foreign policy because it allowed Hitler to do what he wanted and get away with anything. If Britain and France would have not appeased Hitler then he probably wouldnt have done the things he did that made his foreign policy a success.If Britain and France would have done something then Hitler wouldnt have gone as far as he did. Hitler took it as far as he could, got back all of the land that Germany had lost and it all eventually led to war.Therefore Hitler knew that Britain and France were unlikely to ac t against him when he went into Austria, Sudetenland and Czechoslovakia. He was rearming all the beat that appeasement was occurring and so becoming stronger and more willing to risk war over Poland. Therefore appeasement was an important reason for the success of Hitlers foreign policy.

The Non Dredged Reclamation Method Environmental Sciences Essay

With the rapid economic and population growing, assorted economic, societal, lodging and conveyance demands of the community are increasing, ensuing in increasing demand for province supply. Due to the limited land supply, reformation is normally used to undertake the job in Hong Kong. However, diversity does non merely lend to the economic development just now besides the surroundal debasement. In this essay, jobs caused by renewal and possible solutions will be discussed.As mentioned in Environmental Impact Assessment Report ( 2001 ) , dredging, governing body of shipboard soldier clay and majority filling activities may give rise to many possible impacts on pee quality. First, solids may be suspended in the H2O column. Second, as clay moving ridges and turbulent flow will be generated, by perturbation, organic and inorganic substances e.g. ammonium hydroxide, heavy metals and sulfides may be released into the H2O column. Third, during the compacting and settling procedure in site formation, contaminations and leachate may be given out from pore H2O and deposits severally. As a consequence, the marine H2O quality will be deteriorated.2.2 Marine ecosystemHarmonizing to Chan ( 2000 ) , dredging and disposal of waste involved in renewal will convey inauspicious effects to the marine ecosystem. First, remotion of deposit may take to the loss of home ground. Second, marine beings may entrain during dredging. Third, dissolved O will be depleted and foods will be released into the H2O. In peculiar, if there is a important rise in the alimentary degree, algal productiveness will increase which may ensue in & A acirc ?red tides & A acirc A? .2.3 Air qualityThe job of air pollution will originate during the operation period of renewal as a big sum of dust will be emitted where the & A acirc ?dust & A acirc A? here refers to general suspended particulates. Among assorted sorts of beginnings of air pollution, earthmoving ( lading, droping and bulldozing ) , gimmick route traffic on unpaved roads and wind eroding of the unfastened site country lower the air quality the most ( Chan, 2000 ) .Solutions3.1 The non-dredged renewal methodTraditionally, the soft Marine clay in the ocean floor is replaced by sand fill to do a strong foundation for mol construct. Dredging and disposing of Marine clay are therefore involved. As the dredging procedure in renewal is the cardinal cause for the environmental impacts mentioned above, the non-dredged renewal method is advocated for the future renewal undertakings. Making mention to Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge Hong Kong Projects ( 2011 ) , this renewal method does non necessitate dredging the soft Marine clay in the ocean floor before backfilling. Alternatively, inert building and destruction choke up is used to make full many big interlocked steel cells. The steel cells will so drop in the H2O and go along on the alluvial sediment, organizing the margin wall. ( Items, 2011 )As found in Items ( 2011 ) , the non-dredge renewal has many benefits over the conventional dredge breakwater building method. For case, dredging and dumping of Marine clay can be about wholly avoided. Besides, merely 30 % of the original suspended atoms will be released during renewal and merely half of the backfilling stuff will be needed. Thus the building Marine traffic can be decreased by about 50 % . It can be cerebrate that the non-dredge renewal method will convey less environmental impacts and therefore it is a better pick for renewal.3.2 Development of belowground absoluteEnhanced consumption of belowground infinite is an effectual and executable option to increase land supply as Hong Kong is cragged and abundant with strong volcanic and flinty stones. This geographical characteristic favors the development of belowground infinite in Hong Kong. Rock caverns can be developed for assorted land utilizations such as crematory, substation, sewerage disturbance installations etc ( Hong Kong Un derground Space Study Executive Summary, 2009 ) .While both steps can alleviate the job of deficiency of available land, developing belowground infinite has some advantages over renewal. For illustration, some unwanted utilizations like garbage aggregation point can be built underground so that the impacts on the occupants populating near can be minimised. Furthermore, developing belowground infinite does non do much pollution or take away natural resources, which means that the natural environment can be preserved.DecisionThough renewal can supply for the demands of the economic development, the conventional renewal method causes H2O pollution, air pollution and adversely affects the marine ecosystem, which is non an ideal act for the society. In order to strike a balance between economic growing and environmental preservation, the non-dredged renewal method should be adopted for future renewal undertakings as it is more environmentally friendly. In add-on to renewal, development of belowground infinite should be considered which can move as an option to increase land supply and reserve our valuable seaport.

Case for a National Missile Defense

The unify States political groups and those specialized overt and private sectors outside the government feature evidently manifested solid interest in deploying a ballistic rocket defense to protect the coupled States from attack. The antiballistic missile (Anti-Ballistic Missile) accordance prevents nationwide defense but actually allows the United States to launch up to 100 interceptors for long-range ballistic missiles at a single site (Causewell, 2002 p.75). On the other hand, critics and socially resuscitateed groups fetch provided more thoughtful arguments for saying that NMD should not even continue or progress in its reading (Lindsay, 2002 p.144).The current trend of argument nowadays brought by the public pressuring sectors and those concerned in the countries militaristic defense is the abolishment of the treaty. Many gageers of National Missile falsification (NMD) state that the United States should initiate an amendment or abrogation of ABM treaty so that it can further execute the development of NMD for the maximizing the countries defense authorization (Causewell, 2002 p.75). To consider, there are actually many political personnel in the Congress that do not agree with the Clinton administrations approach arguing that the threat justified the more rapid deployment of an NMD system.Significantly, there have been a wide debate and argument accompanied by this procedure. Most objection are concerned mainly on the defense status of the boorish upon the initiation of the project, go positive side argues that this kind of technology might provide the United States the potential to obtain the edge of their defense system. In the study, the original discussion involves the issue on NMD and its actual presence in the United States. The main inquiry of the discussion resides to the fact of proving the most appropriate argument for the piece of music to support. This accompanies evidences and historical accounts that are shown during t he whole course of the discussion.DiscussionHistorical BackgroundThe United States has pursued the development and deployment of defenses against long-range ballistic missiles since the early 1950s. It launched a treaty-compliant sphere of influence located in uniting Dakota during the mid-1970s however, its operation was closed only after a few months. professorship Reagan initiated a development proposal in commit to further enhance the program into a more intensive defense during the time of early 1980s, but these programs were reverted back on several occasions during the Reagan and provide Administrations (Causewell, 2002 p.75).Most evidently, from the historical perspective, the Clinton Administration initially centered its attention in maturation the technological aspect of the NMD project however, in 1996, the administration itself provided an outline indicating a strategy to initiate the further development and deployment of an NMD system by 2003 if the threat warran ted and the technology was ready (Causewell, 2002 p.76).During January 1999, the Clinton Administration announced that it had adjusted this program to permit deployment in 2005, and would decide in summer 2000 whether to proceed with deployment of up to 20 at a single site (Causewell, 2002 p.76). Fortunately, this statement of the administrator was modified in February 2000 to accept and permit the 100 interceptors. Most knowingly, the crotch hair Administration prefers to possess an intensive and robust NMD program that is likely to include land, sea and space-based assets.As the statement of the President exemplified, he remarked intensively to the Administrations commitment to missile defenses in a speech on May 1, 2001 (Causewell, 2002 p.75). This scenario even proves that the initiation of NDM is within the plans of the Bush administrator hence, its existence as one of the Governments military and defense program is present. The U.S Senates votes last October 1999 against the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) and the renewed drive in recent years toward the deployment of a U.S. The issues on NMD system have initiated the analysts in the United States and international aspect to express their concern about the apparent U.S. trend toward a unilateral approach to tribute (Patrick & Forman, 2002 p.242).The Clinton Administration provided different aspects about the deployment of an NMD system. These components provided by the administration served as the primary coil picket in the technical management of the program. As per the administrations instructions, these components included an assessment of the threat to the United States form long-range ballistic missiles, an assessment of the maturity of the technology and the feasibility of deploying an effective system, consideration of the implications for the ABM Treaty and the possibility of gaining Russian agreement on amendments, the potential costs of the prospective system, and the environmental im plications of deployment (Causewell, 2002 p.75).Many political groups questioned the Administrations commitment to NMD funding and deployment. News and arguments chief out that the government provided these additional funds in order to speed up the construction and development of the NMD program however, this resulted to more inquiries and curiosity among the concerned public.In additional to this government effort, the Administration even passed legislation from both the House and the Senate passed on NMD deployment to further development its phasing. Considering the Congress and White House have evidently merged and underwriteled the by the Republican Party, the advocates and supporters of NMD should expect a congressional approval for Bush administration plan (Causewell, 2002 p.75).Theories on Problems at StakePolitical parties present in the Congress and other concerned sectors have a strong preference for the launching of ballistic missile defense (BMD) system to add up to t he defensive precedent of the United States. In can be recalled during the time Soviet Union bring out that occurred predominantly in 1991, Iraq utilized their Scud missiles in the event of Persian Gulf War, and the use of ballistic missile technologies, all piled up as primary risk of the United States.Significantly, there are two historical scenarios in the summer of 1998 that provided these significant concerns (Causewell, 2002 p.76). First, during the accounts that occurred in July, from the congressionally-operated committee headed by former Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld concluded that United States search to further enhance their long-range ballistic missiles might be able to attain such cross in the span of 5 years of deciding however, it is essential that the United States should have, at the very least, warning before conducting the tests and deployment of such missiles.Second, during the ending periods of the month of August, North Korea flight tested 3-stage bal listic missiles. Even though the third stage of this missile did not make it through during its first flight, and this missile would not have possessed such range to attain the continental United States, North Korea manifested that it had built the technology for staged missiles, which has been an important discovery and influence in the welkin of longer-range ballistic missiles development (Causewell, 2002 p.76).According to political groups, the threatening aspect of this NMD program to the United States is from the fact that only a handful of countries, most of which are credibly not now close to having operational intercontinental missiles. These groups have argued that the United States are not yet prepared for building a fully run NMD system, and the risks involved are too extensive to initiate such goal. One of the problems that might arise is that enemies can attack the United States in ways that do not require long- range missile.The situation of NMD can make the nation v ulnerable to other nations possible attack. Moreover, NMD could jeopardize arms control and related efforts such as the Nunn-Lugar cooperative threat reduction program intended to secure nuclear warheads and materials within Russia (Lindsay, 2002 p.144). Considering that Bush Administration still has no initiated a detail blueprint or outline for this program in terms of its prospective missile defense architecture, or any detailed and documented motives to initiate the withdrawal from the ABM Treaty.However, in meetings with NATO defense ministers in Brussels on June 7, 2001, Secretary of Defense Rumsfeld stated that the Bush Administration would purse in the facilitation and enhancement of missile defenses and that scrapping of the ABM Treaty was inevitable since it greatly prevented both testing and launching of missile defenses (Causewell, 2002 p.76).In the United States, opponents of the CTBT and proponents of NMD assert that their views are compulsive not by isolationism or unilateralism, but rather by their belief that postCold War threats demand new approaches to U.S security. However, the perceived resurgence in U.S. unilateralism nevertheless has grave consequences for both U.S. and international security. A particularly troubling aspect of recent U.S behavior has been the overt dismissal of the views of allies on the issues of CTBT substantiation and NMD (Patrick & Forman, 2002 p.242).Recommendation and indemnity OptionsIn providing these recommendations, there are certain things that need to be considered in order to come up with the rightful justifications of the decisions made. First, ballistic missile technology, such as long-range missile technology and NMD, is currently being developed in other countries as the use of it in defensive power is being considered progressively. There is a factual possibility that Iran, Iraq, or North Korea will obtain the capacity to attack the United States using this technology.Hence, this is the initial poi nt to consider in defending against this type of advanced technology for the reason that, the United States might be overrun by these features if they will not turn back such technology within their defense system (Lindsay, 2002 p.144). Second, the technology for shooting down the enemys incoming missiles is not as feasible and accurately done in real time settingparticularly when matched against the small long-range missile arsenals that countries such as Iraq, Iran, or North Korea could plausibly help oneself in the years ahead (Lindsay, 2002 p.144).The use of compound sensors, computerized systems, and missile technology should soon provide the possibility of carrying out a high-reliability intercepts. The advantage of this is the promulgation of enhanced interceptors and substitutes it for the use of Nuclear Bomb. Third reason to consider is the ending the cold war that initiated an opportunity to recap the contribution of U.S missile technology to its national security polic y and in U.S.-Russian relations.Fourth, the intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM), which is considered as one of the major threats in the United States can be nullified by the developing the NMD. As for the missile technological experts, they claim that the development of this NMD and enhancement of its features and missile technology can potentate in the development of such super-defensive nation. Lastly, nuclear deterrence, while reliable in most circumstances, cannot always guarantee its success as it is also not as feasible type of defense.Such Deterrence should not be assumed to apply under such circumstances, since the threats present against the country would already be confronting extreme annihilation even if it did not use NMD against the United States. For these five reasons, the advantage for pursuing the development and initiation of the NMD program dominate hence, from its summed up rationale, the strength the United States can obtain with the use of such technology centers in the fact that they can actually provide massive defense advantage over the possible attack of other countries that may have the potential of using the same kind of technology.ConclusionIn the discussion of the study, the prime conditions that have been obtained is the wide support of NMD progression among the political and military groups for the reason of U.S promotion in the field of national defense. From the discussion above, five recommendations are previewed in order to depict the advantages of incorporating such system in the national defense, which as a whole, pertains to the advancement of countrys defense against outside threats. This project has been preferred by Bush administration, although arguments have been present to the ABM treaty and other support groups negation of projects launching and development.ReferencesCausewell, E. V. (2002). National Missile Defense Issues and Developments. Nova Publishers.Lindsay, J. M. (2002). Defending America The Case fo r Limited National Missile Defense. Brookings Institution Press.Patrick, S., & Forman, S. (2002). Multilateralism and U.S. Foreign Policy Ambivalent Engagement. Lynne Rienner Publishers.

Childhood Obesity in America Essay

Ahhh there is nothing better than waking up at noon to the smell of some impertinently cooked bacon and a heaping pile of blueberry pancakes. Mom retraces them fresh every weekend morning. Usu al iodiney the bacon and pancakes dont quite do the trick so the buttery is raided next. At the snarf of the pantry next to the family size bag of Doritos, which go away almost likely be consumed later in the night, lays the hardest decision that will commit to be made all day long. Which champion of these sugary cereals shall be devoured this morning and fill up the rest of this already overstuffed belly? Reeses Puffs, Lucky Charms, Fruit Loops, Fruity Pebbles, Cocoa Puffs or the tasteless Raisin Bran that Mom and Dad prefer. You apprise definitely count bulge out the Raisin Bran. Cocoa Puffs it is. After grabbing the largest sphere that could be found in the ho affair, the Cocoa Puffs be sm early(a)ed in chocolate syrup to mend the already chocolate milk even more(prenominal) chocolaty and delicious.After every last puff goes down the hatch it is succession to chug the unornamented chocolaty milk right from the bowl. Now that the belly is completely stuffed it is time for a nap. A nap is necessary after a long night of online gaming on the brand new Xbox 360 that mom bought last week. The other scaters dont stand a chance after a week non-stop gaming with a few breaks here and there for the more undeni sufficient meals and bath inhabit breaks. After the well- deserved napping session it is back to the big screen. Only this time it is not to play delineation games because the carpel tunnel is acting up in the left hand again. This time it is to watch the Diners, Drive-ins, and Dives marathon on the Food Network. You just cant land enough of the food network. But all this talk or so food is making the stomach rumble and it is time for lunch. Mom promised that she will take us to the McDonalds that is right down the street if the chores were make. m iniscule brothers argon great. After slipping him a whole two dollars, the chores argon make in no time and a McDonalds double billet pounder with extra cheese is all that is on the brain. The clerk at the counter asked, Would you like to Supersize that sir? After thinking for asecond almost the ogre container of fries and the bucket of coke the answer was easy, Yes, Maam But why stop there? It is March and all those commercials about the new shamrock Shake make it nearly unbearable. After a delicious lunch the only thing on the mind on this beautiful Saturday afternoon is take aim back to that big screen TV and playing the brand new Call of Duty game. While all the other kids are outside test around pretending to shoot each other, the real action is inside this intense videogame. After an exhausting night, it is time to go to bed with plans for tomorrows day on the mind. Obesity is one of the leading preventable causes of death in the United States.The oblige, Obesity in t he States Whats Leading the Epidemic? states that nearly one thousand raft are killed each day from obesity. Obesity is measured by BMI or Body Mass Index. This measures how much(prenominal) body fat individual has based on their height and how much they weigh. The author, Harvard work forces Health Watch states that a BMI of twenty five or more qualifies as operose and a BMI of thirty or more qualifies as obese. About 63% of Americans are considered overweight and about 31% are considered to be obese (Harvard Mens Health Watch 2012). These modus operandis are strikingly large. This oblige only focal pointes on the adults that are obese in the United States and doesnt focus much on the tikeren. The sisterren are what America should really be focused on because some day they will make up majority of the population.The most obese child in the world is Jessica Guade who is seven years old and weighs four hundred and eighty two pounds. That is heavier than a majority of people in the entire world. Every single day she drinks ten thousand calories in Coca-Cola and consumes fifteen hamburgers. She cant even walk and gets around by rolling. How can a parent do this to their child? Are they afraid to say no or do they just not care about their childs health? This is what the American life is insideng to children. These numbers will continue to go up and we will see more children like Jessica if nothing is done about this epidemic. American life is changing and people are adapting to new culture which is making them focus less on their weight and appearance. The master(prenominal) factors that sum to the obesity outburst are the lack of exercise, reflexion way too much boob tube, and eating too many foods that are high in calories and fat.With the changes in television and advertising on television, Americans crave things that they see on TV. When you are watching TV you will see countless dissolute food advertisements where they make the food look so de licious and look like it was prepared in a five star restaurant. This is just one of the many tricks that advertisers use in order to get people to buy their products. The sad part is that most of the time it works. Americans see all of these advertisements on TV and all they destiny to do is go out and buy it. These age children are watching so much television rather than playing outside. Young children are the main target for some advertisers like McDonalds and Burger King. In all of their commercials they show images of children eating their food and it makes children trust to go and get it. Not only are there a muckle of commercials about fast foods, but there are commercials about snacks and drinks as well. match to M. Mello in their article, Federal Trade Commission regulating of Food Advertising to Children Possibilities for a Reinvigorated Role, a majority of the food and drink advertisements on television are advertising things that are sunburned for the human body t o consume (Mello 2010).The amount of these advertisements is ridiculous and according to this article the FDA has had to start cutting the airing of a lot of them. Not only are the advertisements on TV a problem, but the amount of television that children watch is an even bigger one. These days kids would rather stay inside and watch TV and play video games rather than breathing out outside and playing sports like the past generations. The video games of this generation have made it possible for children to virtually play any sport that they want instead of going outside and physically breaking a sweat and playing them. Television has made Americans so much lazier than they used to be. People dont get out of the house nearly as much as they used too. Instead of going out to the ballpark and watching baseball games, they just go out and buy big screen televisions and sit on their butts and watch them. Children look up to their parents and will adapt these kinds of habits from them.T his is a huge reason why children are comely so obese in America. The amount of television that kids watch and how many video games they play has a direct correlation to the lack of exercise in America these days. To children, a videogame or cartoon show is much more appealing than running around outside and exercising. Also, the developing culture of America as a whole has added to the lack of exercise in Americans.Technology has simplified nearly every aspect of human life. Rather than walking everywhere like our ancestors did, everyone drives, or takes the bus, or does anything that keeps them from using up their energy and breaking a sweat. As the parents of children are doing this, their children adapt to that modus vivendi and in turn they end up doing the same thing and start to live the way that their parents live. In the old days you would see people walking all over the streets, but now that there are automobiles the streets are just lined with traffic. As cities are ne at more civilized and advanced, there are less and less places for people to work out, and for kids to run around and play outside. In the article, Contributions of Built Environment to childhood Obesity by, T. Rahman, R.A. Cushing, and R.J. Jackson, it states that the neighborhood the child lives in has a huge impact on their health.For example, if there are bike paths and places to play outside and run around, the child will be more physically active, but if these things arent in place, then the child is more prone to stay inside and watch television and gain weight as a result of that (Cushing 2011). While watching television they dont have to get up to do anything anymore. upstage controls have changed the world. You can change the channel on the television, turn on and off the lights, and answer the phone right from your chair without getting up to do anything. The only thing that people have to get up to do is go and get more food from the fridge. Less and less children are seemly involved in athletics and exercise. Going outside and running around is much less appealing to children then it used to be. Lack of exercise is a huge contributing factor to obesity and children and something needs to be done about it. Fast food is so easy, quick, and convenient. Most Americans live a lifestyle that is always on the move and always busy. It is very easy for them to turn to fast food and grab a quick meal before they go to work.Not only is it fast and easy, but there are so many fast food restaurants in the United States. In 1970 McDonalds operated close to one thousand establishments in 2002 nearly thirty-five thousand restaurants were being operated. An estimated two thousand new McDonalds are opened each year. That is the road that most Americans study rather than trying to sit down and eat a home cooked meal. That goes along with the laziness of Americans. In this article from CBS news Fast Food think to Child Obesity, it states that Every day, nearly one-third of U.S. childrenaged 4 to 19 eat fast food, which likely packs on about six extra pounds per child per year and increases the risk of obesity (CBSNEWS 2010).Fast food is so much faster and easier than going to the grocery store and getting all the ingredients inevitable to cook a nice healthy meal for your family. Instead most parents resort to the greasy, salty, and fatty foods that fast food establishments have to offer. According to J.Harisss article Television Viewing and Unhealthy provender Implications for Children and Media Interventions, Humans possess an innate preference for sweet, high-fat, and salty foods, and a reluctance to try unfamiliar foods (Hariss 2011).Although some fast food restaurants offer substitutions like how McDonalds offers apples instead of French fries, most people do not choose these substitutions.People are more concerned about taste then health and to them, greasy salty foods taste better than apples. The only time that children would ch oose to eat the healthier choice is when their parents are with them. According to M. Stutts in their article, Nutrition Information and Childrens Fast Food Menu Choices, when children go into fast food restaurants alone, they will choose to eat whatever they want regardless of the fat content. When their parents went with them they influenced them to choose the healthier items on the menu (Stutts 2009). The problem with the items on the fast food menus is that they are full of calories. The recommended calorie intake for a thirteen year old child that weighs ninety pounds is about thirteen hundred calories each day. A McDonlads cheeseburger happy meal with a piteous fat milk as a drink has approximately seven hundred calories. That is half of the amount of calories that is needed in one day. On top of that most children these days arent exercising at all and all of those calories turn straight into fat. Fast food in general is so cankerous for your body and if it was cut out com pletely, the number of obese children would be reduced dramatically.There are so many factors that play into why children are becoming so obese, but eating too many foods that are high in calories and fat is the number one reason why they are so obese. Most people in the world worry about the way they look when they look in the mirror. They will do anything to make themselves look skinnier and make themselves look more attractive. Nobody every worries about what is going on inside of their body. Most Americans do not realize that being overweight or obese can have some serious negative health effectson the body. There are so many aspects of life that are affected by obesity. Your metabolism, health of your muscles, bones, organs, and other parts of your body can be greatly affected when you are at an unhealthy weight. In the article Obesity in America Large Portions, Large Proportions, the author talks about some of the health risks that are involved with obesity. Some of the health risks are coronary artery disease, heart attacks, high blood pressure, strokes, diabetes, many forms of cancer, osteoarthritis, fatty liver, and depression (Large Portions, Large Proportions 2006).Obesity can ultimately lead to a shorter life span from the health risks. It is obvious from this article that there are some major health risks from obesity that can affect your body in a very negative way. It is important that people take care of their bodies so that they can live happy and healthy lifestyles. A huge part of the childhood obesity problem is that the children have no idea what they are doing to their bodies by not exercising and having unhealthy diets. The author of this paper had the opportunity to educate children on the proper nutrition and recommended hours of exercise daily through a service learning project that was completed with the help of a middle school from their hometown. dish out learning is defined as a method of determineing and learning that integrates meaningful community service with instruction and reflection to enrich the learning experience, teach civic responsibility, and strengthen communities (What is Service-Learning, 2008).The author was given the chance to strengthen the community and inform young children about the dangers of obesity. The author did so by creating an informative folder that the principle of Rosa Parks Middle School Dr. Donna Redmond Jones enjoyed and agreed to hand out to students around the school. The brochures were also made available in the health room where students can just come in and pick one up. In completing the service learning project, the author was able to gain a lot of knowledge on obesity, more importantly the health risks and ways to prevent them. The author also gained the fulfillment that he had informed young students about these risks and was able to benefit the community. The service project was ultimately successful because the author was able to re-teach the knowledge that he had gained from research to the children that the research was about.The information that has been provided in this paper demonstrates how a lack of exercise, watching too much television, and eating too many foods high in calories and fat, has lead to the obesity epidemic that is in America today. The number of obese children in American is an absurd number. Children in America these days dont worry about their image and their weight as much as they used to. All they are worried about is what TV show they are going to watch next, what video game they are going to play, and what type of fast food they are going to eat today. The idea of going outside and exercising never crosses their mind. If parents gave their children a little motivation to get involved in sports and exercising, the number of obese children in America would decrease substantially. Parents dont motivate their kids because they are doing the same exact thing as them. Not only are there a lot of obese children in Am erica, but there are an incredible amount of obese adults as well.Children are prone to learn from what their parents do and inherit the bad habits that they have. So therefor if a parent is eating fatty foods and sitting around watching TV all day, their children will do the same thing. There are so many health risks that can come from obesity that you would think people would be more worried about it. Do people not pay attention to the warnings and health risks? Do they not really care about the way they look and the negative effects that it can have on the body? The prevalence of technology in America has changed the world greatly.It has made things so much easier, but in turn it has made Americans so much lazier. Everything can be done from a seat on the couch without having to get up at all. Watching too much television, lack of exercise, and eating too many foods that are high in calories and fat are the cardinal biggest factors that play into the amount of obese children the se days, but there are a ton of factors that play into why Americans are so overweight. Something needs to be done about this epidemic before we see more serious side effects from obesity.ReferencesLa Merrill, M., & Birnbaum, L. S. (2011). Childhood Obesity and Environmental Chemicals. Mount Sinai journal Of Medicine, 78(1), 22-48. doi10.1002/msj.20229Anzman, S. L., Rollins, B. Y., & Birch, L. L. (2010). Parental influence on childrens early eating environments and obesity risk implications for prevention. International Journal Of Obesity, 34(7), 1116-1124. doi10.1038/ijo.2010.43Harris, J. L., & Bargh, J. A. (2009). Television Viewing and Unhealthy Diet Implications for Children and Media Interventions. Health Communication, 24(7), 660-673. doi10.1080/10410230903242267Rahman, T., Cushing, R. A., & Jackson, R. J. (2011). Contributions of Built Environment to Childhood Obesity. Mount Sinai Journal Of Medicine, 78(1), 49-57. doi10.1002/msj.20235Stutts, M., Zank, G. M., Smith, K. H., & Williams, S. A. (2011). Nutrition Information and Childrens Fast Food Menu Choices. Journal Of Consumer Affairs, 45(1), 52-86. doi10.1111/j.1745-6606.2010.01192.xMello, M. M. (2010). Federal Trade Commission Regulation of Food Advertising to Children Possibilities for a Reinvigorated Role. Journal Of Health Politics, Policy & Law, 35(2), 227-276. doi10.1215/03616878-2009-051Obesity in America Whats driving the epidemic?. (2012). Harvard Mens Health Watch, 16(7), 5-7.Anderson, S. E., & Whitaker, R. C. (2010). Household Routines and Obesity in US Preschool-Aged Children. Pediatrics, 125(3), 420-428. doi10.1542/peds.2009-0417Obesity in America large portions, large proportions. (2006). Harvard Mens Health Watch, 10(6), 1-5.Fast Food Linked to Child Obesity. (2009) The Associated Press. CBS News.

Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice Essay

Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice is a manifestation of creative thinking in its bravest and most daring form. Never has a woman dared to write about the female specie in the form that Austen did bold and picturesque and assertive hardly polite. Pride and Prejudice proves to be one of the timeless pieces of Literature because of its interesting content that brings about new and substantial insight either time it is read. Perhaps one of Austens trademark in writing is the vividness of her description and the symbolism it has.In this paper, I would like to highlight how Austen cautiously and vivaciously feast on the description of the home as a determining element to the establishment of her characters and how the plot would flow. It is interesting to note that she was real blow-by-blow and detailed about her descriptions yet was able to leave rooms for curiosity and imagination. The house of the white avenss is more than just a structure but a fecund ground planted with many in sightful details that will bring life and color to the characters thus heightening the relationships of people and events.In the house of the Bennets, just now the father is male. The rest of the members were female. This alone was enough to spark intrigue and controversy in the novel. Jane Austen lived in a time where women are treated as second- class citizens. In the house, quantity-wise, the females are more dominant, yet the father holds the power not only within the halls of their house but in the decisions made by his married woman and daughters. This tells us that in the house of Bennets, no matter how many female members there were, the male member will always have the supremacy.This is also unfeigned in the Regency Society as male dominance is seen and observed everywhere. Compared with some families, I believe we were but such of us as wished to learn, never valued the means. We were always encouraged to read, and had all the masters that were necessary. Those who cho se to be idle, certainly might. Chapter 6, Volume 2. In such cases, a woman has not often much dish antenna to think of. Chapter 1, Volume 1 The four daughters were treated fairly and dearly. There were the gems of the house and the life of the family.In all fairness to Mr. And Mrs. Bennet, the daughters were raised well. They were given the best(p) that their parents can give. It may not equal that of the societys bourgeois, but it had to be given to Mr. And Mrs. Bennet that they tried, and that alone was enough. The ladies were beautiful, thats undeniable. But among the four sisters, Elizabeth was the one outstanding everyone else in the book. Not only did she manage to make a mark in the novel, she is regarded as one of the most famous characters in slope Literature.This was because Elizabeth showed remarkable attitude, her beauty rivals her personality. Not only did she possess the looks, she had the attitude that magnetizes people. But then, I perceive Mrs. Bennet as one o f the most interesting characters in the novel as her desire to have her daughters marry rich men so to elevate their already degraded status in the society. Mrs. Bennets role in the novel can be interpreted as a wonderful pose abstracted a bright future for her children but done in a negative way.This I would have to note that the daughters were perceived as objects that can be given away for material wealth. This is very rampant in many societies in the world, not only in the regency society. Our habits of expence make us too dependant, and there are not many in my rank of life who can afford to marry without some attention to money Chapter 10, Volume 2. Other issues explored was the idea that women are but appendages of men that women were natural to be accessories of the male specie as if there is supremacy in being the first one to be created.We have to admit that women who are physically attractive are most likely to become wives of rich and influential men because they see them as affirmation of their masculinity. This is a very abusive yet accepted fact in the society. Women become objects that can be bought at the right price and the saddest part is that some people actually accede to it wanting nothing to do about it. Mr. Bennet, how can you abuse your own children in such way? Chapter 1, Volume 1.However, it is very positive to note that even at the darkness of such mad society, love finds its way. I am excessively diverted. But it is so strange Chapter 15, Volume 3. I would have to say that Mr. Bennet and Elizabeth were the closest in the family and thus the most intelligent members of the household. This union of intellectual bond resulted to the education of Elizabeths character that she learned to gear away from how her mother wished her and her sisters to be.She was able to determine that there are more important things than money, that her love for Mr. Darcy should not be stained by the lust for money and power. Elizabeth was able to embra ce the greatest kind of wealth possible for any woman that is having a man who would truly love her, embracing what she is and what shes not. I cannot believe it. wherefore should they try to influence him? They can only wish his happiness, and if he is attached to me, no other woman can secure it. Chapter 1, Volume 2.

Identity of African American Men Essay

No metaphor can capture completely the complexity of heathenish dynamics in the U. S. Melting pot ignores the persistence and reconfiguration of the ethnicity over the generations. Mosaic, much to a greater extent apt for pluralistic societies such as Kenya or India, is too static a metaphor it fails to take in to calculate the easy penetration of many ethnic boundaries. Nor is salad bowl appropriate the ingredients of a salad bowl ar conglomerate hardly do not change. Rainbow is a tantalizing metaphor, but rainbows disappear.Symphony, like rainbow, implies near perfect consent both fail to take into account the variety and shed of ethnic conflict in the joined States. The most accurately descriptive metaphor, the one that best explains the dynamics of ethnicity, is kaleidoscope. American ethnicity is kaleidoscopic, i. e. complex and varied, ever-changing form, pattern, com custodyt continually shifting from one set of relations to another(prenominal) rapidly changing. When a kaleidoscope is in motion, the split give the appearance of relationships.The viewer sees and endless variety of variegated patterns, just as takes place on the American ethnic landscape. - Lawrence Fuchs (Literature for Composition 1032) Identity in America was the musical theme chosen by my side of meat 201 study group. This theme was taken from chapter xx two of the Literature for composition Reading and Writing personal line of credit text book. However, I guidanceed the broad theme of Identity in America to the more(prenominal) contract theme of The Display of African American custody in the media. I chose this theme or discipline because I felt that I can relate to it and as a matter of fact, it was also provoke to me. But in order to conduct my interrogation on the particular root word, I came up with the pursual question, How has the identity of African American men been dis compete by the media negatively or positively? This question was chosen in order t o provoke an argument for discussion. I conducted several interviews in order to acquire selective information about my selected topic.The medias display of the identity of African American men can be discussed or looked at from two angles negatively or positively. First, from my experience I can say that the media displays African American men in both lights, negatively and positively. But after conducting interviews with several individuals, my opinion has any(prenominal)(a)what changed. I was always awargon of the negative images of African/ swart men in the media. But I was not aware that this display had evolved overtime. My first interview was conducted with April T.Glasgow, a communications major at the University of the Virgin Islands on Wednesday 20th February 2008, at approximately ten oclock in the morning. We conducted the interview at her residences lobby. I had explained the topic prior to meeting with her, so she already had an idea about what take the discussion would be addressing. Generally, her opinion was that black men were being exploited and portrayed negatively by the media. She also stated strongly that black men were too often portrayed or apt(p) the roles of thugs, gangsters, and pimps in films and magazines.In addition, a suggestion she made on how we could resolve this stereotype was that black sight must unite and stand up against these negative portrayals especially those in rap music videos. The here and now interview was carried out that same day with Professor Alex Randall. His general logical arguments were that the media has changed over the years. The negative portrayals of the 1960s and 1970s have changed, Randall stated. Randall felt that in modern generation, people of color were treated more fairly and given a more positive portrayal in the media.Randall stated that on that point were many positive images in the media of African Americans, such as Denzel Washington, Barack Obama, Michael Jordan, and Bill Cosb y. In addition, Randall said that in previous years no such image could have been seen in the media. We are rational human beings and its our choice to acquire what part of the spectrum of negative and positive images we would want to emulate, said Randall. This statement impacted me and slightly changed my opinion on the topic. At that point in conducting my primary research for the topic, my position on the topic has somewhat been altered.after conducting the interviews with April T. Glasgow and Professor Alexander Randall I have become more open minded to the issue. I would assent that I was initially a bit biased and reserved on the topic prior to evaluating the topic from both sides negatively and positively. In order to decide which position I was going to take I would have to do more secondary research on the topic. Since I started this research paper my thoughtfulness and assessment of the media have taken a different turn.I now compare and contrast men of other races in the media to African American men. My secondary research was, for the most part, completed using internet sources. The obliges that I discovered on the web were very useful and contributed greatly to my research. Three internet articles were study to achieve the secondary data for my paper. The first article I examined was The Medias Bias against black men in America. The article was basically a discussion of a piece written in the novel York Times about the plight of American black men.The author, Armstrong Williams, stated that the raw York Times article was another example of major media outlets using negative statistics to consistently cast black men as the run off of this country. Williams made several strong and interesting statements throughout the article that I thought was beneficial to this research paper. For example, according to Williams, The continual coverage of the black mans plight instead of his progress merely hinders his growth, holds back our country fr om true equality, and hides the truth about the opportunities and challenges that we all face(Williams 4).Williams also suggested that the American habitual should challenge the lack of coverage of American black progress in this country (Williams 5). In the survive century black men have literally gone from being slaves to business owners, government leaders, lawyers, doctors, firemen, generals, entertainers, and educators. No other oppressed class of people anywhere else in the world has advanced its standing in a society this quickly (Williams 6). I was really impressed by the way Armstrong used this statement to present his argument.In addition, Williams stated that the incidence of drug use, crime, scandal, divorce, and other social ills have increased dramatically for white men, but these statistics are not reported as problems about white men in America (Williams 6). Approximately 9 out of 10 serial killers are white males between the ages of twenty and thirty five. Yet we never hear these statistics repeated over and over again in the mainstream press, make these crimes synonymous with one particular race as in this case with blacks (Williams 9). Later in the article Williams explained the image the media is creating internationally.The overseas media continuously places black men in negative positions such as shoal dropouts, irresponsible fathers, and victims of perpetual racism. The manner in which these stories are constructed and then, displayed to listeners and readers eliminates the possibility of believing that black men do not have positive roles (Williams 10). Therefore, I agree with Williams that the repetitive negative articles can create a vicious cycle of harmful images and low expectations of black men. The Black Image in the White brainiac is the title of the second internet article that I examined.The article was useful in constructing my opinion on the topic of how African American men are displayed in the media whether negatively or positively. The article presented some useful statistical data that was quite interesting and yet shocking to me. In this article by Robert M. Entman, he stated that a mug shot of a Black defendant is four times more in all probability to appear in a local television news report than of a White defendant (Entman 2). He went on to say that the incriminate is two times more liable(predicate) to be shown physically restrained in a local television news report than when the accused is a white man (Entman 2).According to Entman, The name of the accused is two times more likely to be shown on screen in a local TV news report if the defendant is black, rather than white (Entman 2). In addition, he stated that while black actors are now more visible in media, it is an open question as to how well they are being represent (Entman 2). The trine article that I examined was Black youth and mass media current research and emerging questions and I found it to be the most interesting of the three.This article was written by Craig Watkins, an Associate Professor of Sociology and Radio-Television- Film at the University of Texas at Austin. The article was basically an outline of some of the important research findings and emergent issues that examine the changing relationship between black American youth and the mass media industry (Watkins 5). Watkins stated that for most of its news report the mass media industry has produced images that distort and misrepresent the complexities of the African American experience (Watkins 9).He stated that modern media representations of African Americans can be best described as paradoxical because blacks are simultaneously underrepresented and overrepresented in American media culture (Watkins 9). According to Watkins, blacks are underrepresented in many areas of mass media they are over represented in television sports broadcasts and crime and violence related portrayals (Watkins 13). Watkins said that images of blacks in mag azines have increased but they are predominantly portrayed in athletic roles. According to Watkins, African American men are more likely to appear as athletes or musicians (Watkins 14).The strongest statement throughout the article was when Watkins stated that the athleticization of the black men in the media reproduces and popularizes long-standing myths about biological and intellectual differences between blacks and whites (Watkins 15). Further analysis of Watkins article indicated that when African Americans are portrayed in television news it is generally in aggressive, violent, or criminal roles. Also, a recent analysis of the film industry asserts that blacks tend to be restricted to low budget features that focus disproportionately on crime, violence, and youth delinquency.The repetitious display of blacks in athletic roles creates a limited range of adult and professional role models for young black males being that they are faced with only few media images of successful Af rican American men. The internet articles that I examined clearly showed that there is strong evidence to learn that African American men are negatively and unfairly displayed in the media. After examining these internet articles, I felt that even though they were some positive images of African American men in the media the majority of images are in some way biased or negative.After evaluating and examining my internet sources, I false back my attention to my English 201 text book, Literature for Composition Reading and Writing Arguments to get some more insight on the matter. While reading through chapter twenty-three, I came up on a quote from Lawrence Fuchs that I found to be tied in well with my overall all theme of identity in America. I decided to place this quote at the beginning of the research paper a sort of introduction to the overall theme. I chose this quote because it describes the complexity and internal conflicts of identity in America.Speaking of conflicts betw een identities, Hotel Rwanda is a film that displays such conflict to the extreme. This film was shown in class by my English professor because she said that it was in some way related to our theme and that it could also be used as a part of our secondary research. I did not really understand the connection with our theme until I saw the film. Hotel Rwanda is a historical drama about the hotel manager Paul Rusesabagina played by Don Cheadle during the Rwandan genocide and was directed by terry cloth George in 2004.The movie is actually establish on the Rwandan genocide that occurred in 1994 where almost one million of both Tutsi and Hutu individuals were killed. In the movie which is a reflection of what actually took place, the media was used to instigate conflicts between the Tutsi and Hutu. Throughout the actual conflict the media was used as a tool to falsely display Tutsis as the scourge of Rwanda. For example, the radio station, RTLM was used to mobilize negative and hate mes sages about the Tutsis such as Why do we hate the Tutsis? They are cockroachesRwanda is Hutu land. (United Arts. Dir.Terry George. United States, 2004) All in all, it is quite evident from the primary and secondary research that there are both negative and positive displays of African American men in the media. Since the interviews I am more aware that the display of African Americans has changed over time for the better. However, from the Internet articles I have discovered that there are still a lot of negative images of African American men in the media. In addition, I learned that there are still many biases when presenting African American men in media whether on radio, television, or magazines.Overall, the research was very interesting and informative. April T. Glasgow and Professor Alexander Randall were very helpful in making my research paper a success. From carrying out this research paper I was able to conduct some interesting interviews, especially with Professor Randall . I was truly able to critically interpret and analyze the investigation in addition to improving my overall research skills. The research process was a study experience that I will never forget. Works Cited Barnet, Sylvan, Burto William and Cain E. William. Literature for Composition.New York Longman, 2007. Entman, Robert and Rojecki, Andrew. Media and its Portrayal of Black Americans. racerelations. about. com. New York. 2008. . Glasgow, April T. Personal Interview. 20 Feb. 2008. Hotel Rwanda. Dir. Terry George. Lions Gate Films and United Artists, 2004. Randall, Alexander. Personal Interview. 20 Feb. 2008. Watkins, S. Craig, Black Youth and loudness Media Current Research and Emerging Questions. http//www. rcgd. isr. umich. edu/prba/perspectives/winter2000/cwatkins. pdf. Williams, Armstrong. The Medias Bias Against Black Men in America. 31 present 2006. .